A new radiolocation method for precise depth estimation and its application to the analysis of changes in groundwater levels in Colonia Clunia Sulpicia

Underground mapping is of paramount importance at archaeological sites with natural or man-made caves. Techniques different complexity are available for underground surveying, from compass and tape to light detection ranging (LiDAR). However, there scenarios where it impossible use heavy and/or delicate instrumentation, some the more advanced techniques, long-distance time-consuming fieldwork would be required. This case study height water key points inside aquifer located in subsoil Roman city Colonia Clunia Sulpicia assess its relation evolution city. Although subsurface radiolocation, a technique originally intended cave mapping, seems promising this application, accuracy depth estimation not sufficient purpose. Therefore, main objectives work improve using obtain sound data changes supply early centuries hypothesize possible causes probable consequences. Then, analyses sources error affecting radiolocation process develops new method experimentally validated accuracy. As result, has been accurately measured by LiDAR direct measurements level possible. Finally, based on resultant data, chronology aquifer, vice versa, outlined. The calculation procedure proposed paper an improved location that can lead significant innovation prospection.